Society in India Essay Example

Society in India Essay In the wake of contemplating this unit you ought to have the option to clarify the idea of solidarity and assorted variety portray the structures and bases of decent variety in India look at the bonds and components of solidarity in India give a clarification to our alternative for a composite culture model as opposed to a consistency model of solidarity. 1. 1 INTRODUCTION This unit manages solidarity and decent variety in India. You may have heard a great deal about solidarity and decent variety in India. Yet, do you know what precisely it implies? Here we will disclose to you the importance and substance of this expression. For this reason the unit has been separated into three areas. In the main area, we will determine the importance of the two terms, decent variety and solidarity. 9 Social Structure Rural and Urban In the subsequent area, we will delineate the types of decent variety in Indian culture. For nitty gritty treatment we will concentrate on the four types of decent variety, race, language, religion and rank. In the third area, we will draw out the obligations of solidarity in India. These are geopolitical, the way of life of journey, custom of settlement, and convention of reliance. Most importantly, we will take note of that the solidarity of India is conceived of a composite culture as opposed to a uniform culture. . 2 CONCEPTS OF UNITY AND DIVERSITY We start by explaining the significance of the terms decent variety and solidarity. 1. 2. 1 Meaning of Diversity Ordinarily decent variety implies contrasts. For our motivations, be that as it may, it implies something more than unimportant contrasts. It implies aggregate contrasts, that is, contrasts w hich separate one gathering of individuals from another. These distinctions might be of any kind: organic, strict, phonetic and so on. Based on natural contrasts, for instance, we have racial assorted variety. Based on strict contrasts, also, we have strict decent variety. We will compose a custom paper test on Society in India explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Society in India explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Society in India explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The point to note is that decent variety alludes to aggregate contrasts. The term decent variety is inverse of consistency. Consistency implies comparability or something to that affect that portrays a people. ‘Uni’ alludes to one; ‘form’ alludes to the normal ways. So when there is something normal to all the individuals, we state they show consistency. At the point when understudies of a school, individuals from the police or the military wear a similar sort of dress, we state they are in ‘uniform’. Like assorted variety, subsequently, consistency is likewise an aggregate idea. At the point when a gathering of individuals share a comparable trademark, be it language or religion or whatever else, it shows consistency in that regard. Be that as it may, when we have gatherings of individuals hailing from various races, religions and societies, they speak to assorted variety. D. N. Majumdar composed a book with the title, Races and Cultures of India. Imprint the words in the plural: Races (not Race); Cultures (not Culture). In this way, decent variety implies assortment. For every single down to earth reason it implies assortment of gatherings and societies. We have such an assortment in plenitude in India. We have here an assortment of races, of religions, of dialects, of stations and of societies. For a similar explanation India is known for its socio-social decent variety. 1. 2. 2 Meaning of Unity implies joining. It is a social mental condition. It indicates a feeling of one-ness, a feeling of we-ness. It represents the bonds, which hold the individuals from a general public together. There is a distinction among solidarity and consistency. Consistency assumes likeness, solidarity doesn't. In this manner, solidarity could conceivably be founded on consistency. Solidarity might be resulting from consistency. Durkheim considers this sort of solidarity a mechanical solidarity. We discover this kind of solidarity in inborn social orders and in 10 conventional social orders. Be that as it may, solidarity should be founded on contrasts. It is such solidarity, which is portrayed by Durkheim as natural solidarity. This kind of solidarity portrays current social orders. Let us see it in a graph Unity and Diversity Fig. 1. 1: Two sorts of solidarity The point to note is that solidarity doesn't need to be founded on consistency. Solidarity, as we noted prior, infers coordination. Coordination doesn't mean nonattendance of contrasts. For sure, it represents the ties that predicament the various gatherings with each other. Check Your Progress 1 I) Mark which of coming up next is the right importance of assorted variety? a) b) c) ii) Differences between two people Similarities among the individuals from a gathering Dissimilarities among bunches Mark which of coming up next is the right case of social assorted variety? ) b) c) Temperamental contrasts among people Property contrasts between the two neighbors Differences of strict belongingness between two gatherings. iii) Indicate which of the accompanying articulations are valid and which are bogus. Use T for True and F for False. a) b) c) d) e) f) Unity implies nonappearance of contrasts. Solidarity is i nverse of decent variety. Consistency is an essential condition for solidarity. Solidarity in decent variety is a logical inconsistency in wording. Mechanical solidarity depends on consistency. Solidarity implies joining. 11 Social Structure Rural and Urban 1. 3 FORMS OF DIVERSITY IN INDIA As implied before, we find in India decent variety of different sorts. A portion of its significant structures are the accompanying: racial, semantic, strict and rank based. Let us manage every single one of them in some detail. 1. 3. 1 Racial Diversity You may have seen individuals of various races in India. A race is a gathering of individuals with a lot of unmistakable physical highlights, for example, skin shading, sort of nose, type of hair, and so on. Herbert Risley had arranged the individuals of India into seven racial sorts. These are (I) Turko-Iranian, (ii) Indo-Aryan, (iii) Scytho-Dravidian, (iv) AryoDravidian, (v) Mongolo-Dravidian, (vi) Mongoloid, and (vii) Dravidian. These seven racial sorts can be diminished to three fundamental sorts the Indo-Aryan, the Mongolian and the Dravidian. As he would like to think the last two sorts would represent the racial piece of inborn India. He was the manager of the registration tasks held in India in 1891 and it was information from this statistics, which established the premise of this grouping. As, it depended for the most part on language-types instead of physical qualities; Risley’s arrangement was scrutinized for its inadequacies. Other authoritative officials and anthropologists, similar to J. H. Hutton, D. N. Majumdar and B. S. Guha, have given the most recent racial order of the Indian individuals dependent on further explores in this field. Hutton’s and Guha’s groupings depend on 1931 evaluation activities. B. S. Guha (1952) has recognized six racial sorts (1) the Negrito, (2) the Proto Australoid, (3) the Mongoloid, (4) the Mediterranean, (5) the Western Brachycephals, and (6) the Nordic. Other than mentioning to you what the different kinds indicate, we will not delve into the subtleties of this issue, since that will include us in specialized issues relating to physical human studies. Here, we need just to know about the assorted variety of racial sorts in India. Negritos are the individuals who have a place with the dark racial stock as found in Africa. They have dark skin shading, frizzle hair, thick lips, and so forth. In India a portion of the clans in South India, for example, the Kadar, the Irula and the Paniyan have unmistakable Negrito strain. The Proto-Australoid races comprise of an ethnic gathering, which incorporates the Australian natives and different people groups of southern Asia and Pacific Islands. Delegates of this gathering are the Ainu of Japan, the Vedda of Sri Lanka, and the Sakai of Malaysia. In India the clans of Middle India have a place with this strain. A portion of these clans are the Ho of Singhbhumi, Bihar, and the Bhil of the Vindhya ranges. The Mongoloids are a significant racial stock local to Asia, including the people groups of northern and eastern Asia. For instance, Chinese, Japanese, Burmese, Eskimos, and regularly American Indians likewise have a place with this race. In India, the North Eastern areas have clans of brachycephalic Mongoloid strain. A marginally extraordinary sort of Mongoloid racial stock is found in the Brahmputra Valley. The Mikir-Bodo gathering of clans and the Angami Nagas speak to the best instances of Mongoloid racial organization in India. 2 The Mediterranean races identify with the caucasian physical sort, I. e. , the white race. It is described by medium or short height, slim form, long head with cephalic file (the proportion increased by 100 of the most extreme broadness of the head to its greatest length) of under 75 and dim (mainland) appearance. The Western Brachycephals are separated into th e accompanying three sub-gatherings: (1) The Alpenoid are described by wide head, medium height and fair complexion, found among Bania positions of Gujarat, the Kayasthas of Bengal, and so on ii) The Dinaric-They are characterised by expansive head, long nose, tall height and brown complexion colour, found among the Brahmin of Bengal, the non-Brahmin of Karnataka, (iii) The Armenoid-They are characterised by highlights like Dinaric. The Armenoid have a progressively stamped state of the rear of head, a conspicuous and limited nose. The Parsi of Bombay show the regular qualities of the Armenoid race (Das 1988: 223). At last, the Nordic races have a place with the physical sort described by tall height, long head, fair complexion and hair, and blue eyes. They are found in Scandinavian nations, Europe. In India, they are found in various pieces of north of the nation, particularly in Punjab and Rajputana. The Kho of Chitral, the Red Kaffirs, the Khatash are a portion of the delegates of this sort. Examination proposes that the Nordics originated from the north, likely from south east Russia and south west Siberia, through focal Asia to India. (Das 1988: 223). Solidarity and Diversity 1. 3. 2 Linguistic Diversity Do you know what number of langu

The British involvement Essay Example for Free

The British inclusion Essay During the beginning times of the carrier, the British submitted around 150 C-47 Dakotas and 40 Avro Yorks to the reason for the transport. The Dakotas and the Yorks were strengthened by 10 Short Sunderland and Short Hythe flying pontoons in July. By July 18, the Royal Air Force planes were at that point transporting in excess of 5,000 tons of arranged supplies of products consistently. The flying vessels were explicitly utilized in shipping mass salt since salt would have demonstrated excessively destructive when stacked in different kinds of planes being utilized in the airdrop. They were traveling to the Havel stream from their beginning stage at the Elbe close to Hamburg. At some point in November 1948, the British airdrop armada was additionally strengthened by a few Handley Page Hastings airplane. The Royal Air Force had the option to land 100,000 tons of arranged supplies in Berlin by mid-December (Berlin Blockade). The Negotiations During the beginning of the carrier, the united powers were concerned that it may in the long run come up short. So as another option, ministers from the Allied nations chose to haggle with Stalin. During the dealings, Stalin requested that the Allies pull back their Deutschmark and supplanted by the eastern zone’s Ostmark. Likewise, Stalin requested that the eventual fate of Germany ought to again be taken up. Nonetheless, the emissaries from the Allied camp disclosed to him that in spite of the fact that they were available to exchange the extent that the issue of the cash was concerned, the eventual fate of Germany or explicitly the making of a West German state was non-debatable. Nonetheless, Stalin didn't yield to the Allied requests since he truly accepted that the Berlin Blockade would succeed and drive the partners to arrange. Indeed, even the United Nations endeavored to intercede between the two camps without any result (Wilde). In any case, in spite of the fact that the airdrop kept on being a triumph, Clay despite everything saw a potential peril. He communicated his craving for a proceeded with push towards accomplishing a discretionary answer for the Berlin issue. As indicated by him, the airdrop would just â€Å"add to the notoriety of the Western Powers as long as conciliatory roads to increase a settlement proceeded. † His view was shared by Dean Acheson of the State Department. Indeed, the State Department was at that point practicing its very own activity without educating even Clay in Germany about it for security reasons. The State Department activity was secured on Stalin’s comment which he made to Kingsbury Smith concerning the chance of lifting the barricade. In view of said comment, a State Department activity was begun through private channels without the information on the American authorities in Berlin. It was likewise avoided the French and British. Just President Truman, Dean Acheson, and chose authorities of the Department of State knew about the activity (Giangreco and Griffin [a]). Acheson picked Philip Jessup, at that point vice president of the United States Mission to the United Nations in New York to fill in as his private channel. Jessup was given the guidance of circumspectly reaching Jacob Malik, the United Nations illustrative of the USSR, and solicit him whether â€Å"Stalin’s oversight from the Berlin money issue in his response to Smith was huge. † The principal contact between the two men occurred on February 15, 1949, and after just a month, Malik educated Jessup that the exclusion was â€Å"not unplanned. † Based on this reaction, careful requests followed between the two men. They talked about the potential conditions that would impact Stalin to lift the bar. As indicated by Malik, a potential condition would be if a gathering of a Council of Foreign Ministers could be unquestionably planned to talk about the German inquiry completely (Giangreco and Griffin [a]). Beside the Jessup-Malik arrangement, a few exchanges of basic significance were additionally continuing during the early piece of 1949. One of these concerned the settlement making the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). At the point when the NATO agreement was prepared for signature, the remote priests of Great Britain and France went to Washington at some point during the principal seven day stretch of April, 1949 for the marking function. It was at exactly that point and there that they were educated regarding the conversation which was occurring among Jessup and Malik. The two outside priests at that point gave their power to Jessup to represent their benefit. On April 5, Jessup informed Malik that the legislatures regarding the United States, Great Britain, and France knew that their mystery conversations just concerned two focuses. The first is the â€Å"simultaneous lifting of the bar and counterblockade† forced by the western forces. The other is the fixing of the Council of Foreign Ministers’ meeting planned for talking about the German issue. Be that as it may, Jessup likewise educated Malik that the arrangements being made by the three nations for the formation of a West German state would not be delayed or suspended before the gathering of the Council of Foreign Ministers could be held (Giangreco and Griffin [a]). On April 8, the Western Powers gave a dispatch concerning their concurrence with respects the making of West German state. Two days after this, Jessup was educated by Malik that it was the comprehension of the USSR that the West German state would not be made â€Å"before or during the planned Council of Foreign Ministers meeting. † However, Jessup was told to dismiss as carefully as conceivable the translation of the USSR. In any case, some portion of his guidance was to advise Malik that if the USSR acted rapidly, the temporary West German state couldn't yet be built up before the gathering of the board, clarifying that few stages would need to be taken before such a state could be set up (Giangreco and Griffin [a]). The arrangement among Jessup and Malik proceeded all through the most recent seven day stretch of April. Be that as it may, flare-ups happened which undermined the discretionary settlement to lift the bar. For example, the British needed â€Å"specificity in regards to the limitations to be lifted and composed concurrence on Western Power access to Berlin. † The United States, then again, with the help of the French, needed the issuance of a â€Å"broad proclamation on lifting limitations and quiet on get to. † The Americans would not like to be explicit on account of the experience of the Military Governor whose exchange with the Russians during the early piece of September of 1948 impeded in light of his request of particulars. In the wake of being made to comprehend of this hazard, the British at long last consented to get rid of the points of interest (Giangreco and Griffin [a]).

Essay Topic Ideas With Samples

Essay Topic Ideas With SamplesTo be able to write an essay successfully you will need to have a good idea of the topic and sample essay topic ideas with samples to help you get started. Many people don't like the idea of looking online and copying and pasting ideas from one site to another. For this reason it is essential that you do your research to find topics and samples for essay topics that you can use to help you learn to write an essay.There are many different topics that you can choose from when it comes to essay topic ideas with samples. It is important that you try to find one that fits your specific needs and skill level. When it comes to writing essays, you will find that you will need to find a topic that will allow you to research it thoroughly so that you are prepared in case you need to answer questions or to proofread the writing.If you are unsure as to what type of subject to write about it is always an excellent topic to select. It is always a good idea to look at websites that have written about the topic you have chosen and consider the questions that they have faced in order to find a better topic. You can also look at sample essays on the Internet that you can take notes from if you are unsure about the topic that you want to write.The best part about writing essays with samples is that they are written by people who are going through the process of preparing for an exam. This means that they will have already had the experience and confidence to be able to write. Having an idea as to what the perfect essay topic is also means that they will have already gone through the writing process many times and know how to do it.It is very important to choose a topic that is going to allow you to succeed in order to be successful at writing the perfect essay topic. You want to make sure that you focus on your own strengths and not on weaknesses. Sometimes students are not able to write a perfect essay because they make the mistake of focusing on th eir weaknesses instead of focusing on their strengths.When writing essays the most important factor to remember is that there is nothing more intimidating than having an essay that you have finished. However, when it comes to essay topics with samples it can sometimes be a lot easier to feel this way because you are able to find samples of many different topics that you can study over again until you have mastered the skills needed to write an essay. If you are unsure as to which topic to choose, you should consider looking at the ones that are free.This is because you are going to find many things that you can learn from reading samples of essay topic ideas that you can incorporate into your own essays. Even though you may not be able to duplicate some of the topics you will be able to get a good idea as to what you should include in your own essay. This is something that can be beneficial especially if you are trying to improve on the skills that you need to write your own essay.I t is not difficult to find essay topic ideas with samples online. You are just going to have to spend some time on the Internet. Once you begin to see an interest in the topic then you can decide whether or not you want to continue working on it or leave it alone.

Path to Citizenship Legal Residency for Illegal Immigrants Living in the U.S. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 606 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Citizenship Essay Did you like this example? Furthermore, for illegal immigrants to migrate behind the motive could also be the cause of violence or conflict, towns that are or were attacked by the so-called revolutionary parties, which only caused fear, death, and violation of human rights. Making their population feel a strong insecurity in the streets, as well as for their people to express impotence for not being able to do nothing or assist in ending this so-called war. This violence also minimizes the hope of living a quiet life without having to live a constant fear in where false ideals are impose with terror, forcing them to take refuge in other countries to be able to have a more peaceful and secure life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Path to Citizenship Legal Residency for Illegal Immigrants Living in the U.S." essay for you Create order At the same time, this conflict brings out a lesson that with violence there are no solutions to solve our differences or ideals, on the contrary, in order to reach a good agreement, there are different methods without having to reach physical and psychological abuse. The example could be viewed through The authors of the constitution that protected the foreign slave trade prohibiting interference with it for twenty years (Article 1, Section 9). (Roger, 2017). Many people of these illegal immigrants left their country because of violence, although they have been living in this country for many years and they have established themselves by forming their homes free of conflict and out of some kind of crime. Trying to achieve legality which until now is not granted should be considered legality. It is a dream of having a better quality of life and a prosperous future for ourselves and our children even if it often means leaving our origin. Moreover, health reasons which unfortunately in various countries do not pay to cover some type of need in favor of health. The limited lack of implementation of certain types of diseases also leads illegal immigrants to come to the United States for help. The Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) indicates on its website that Illegal aliens come to the United States to take jobs that offer them greater opportunity. (FAIR, N.D.). Many of them are welcomed by US employers but, unfortunately, they are hired for salaries much lower than those paid to American workers. FAIR also indicates on its website that these works are illegal and cites the following Some employers ignore the law and hire illegal workers in the underground economy (FAIR, N.D) Maybe people who come to the United States do not do it the right way, but sometimes trying to do the right thing has a much higher cost which makes illegal people do not have the economic conditions to do it. Since their very condition of illegal make them accept jobs that are not very well remunerated by which the government should assist them in providing them legality stay, to reconstruct the system in a legal form as well as provide that helping hand to those that migrated. In conclusion, all over the world through the news, television, radio, etc. We have viewed people take the wrong paths to reach a country for a better future. Various reasons behind their migration could be the cause of violence in their country which they live in fear, lack of health care, and the search for a brighter future for themselves and their families. Nevertheless, the reasons in my perspective these families have risk leaving everything behind for a quiet place with more opportunities to be better. The government should reconsider the struggles these people have overcome and given them the facilities such as DACA etc. and opportunities to stop living in fear and provided them a legally stay.

Endangered Species Lesson Plans

One of the best ways for teachers to get students interested in nature and natural science is by teaching them about endangered animals. Reading up on pandas, tigers, elephants, and other creatures is a fun way to introduce young learners to topics such as ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. Building lessons is simple with the help of the resources below. Wild and Wonderful Lessons About Endangered Species Source: Educationworld.com The five lessons included here involve research and role-playing. Are These Animals Threatened, Endangered, or Extinct? Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration This lesson introduces students to the concepts of extinct, endangered, and threatened species, with a focus on Hawaii and its native creatures. Endangered Species 1: Why Are Species Endangered? Source: Sciencenetlinks.com This lesson exposes students to the plight of endangered species and helps them understand and gain perspective on issues that continue to affect animals and threaten our global environment. What Are Endangered Species? Source: Learningtogive.org The Endangered Species—Its Not Too Late lesson is designed to help students understand the meaning of endangered species and how they can be protected. Critically Endangered Species Lesson Plan Source: United States Fish and Wildlife Service The goal of this lesson is to provide an understanding of critically endangered species, how they differ from endangered species, and why certain animals are critically endangered. Threatened, Endangered, and Extinct Lesson Plan Source: Pennsylvania State University The Threatened, Endangered, and Extinct lesson plan focuses on species that are in serious danger of extinction. Endangered Species Lesson Plans - Environmental Education in ... Source: EEinwisconsin.org These lesson plans were developed to provide elementary through high school teachers with ideas for how to teach students about endangered species conservation. Save the Turtles - Ride the Turtle Education Rainbow   Source: Savetheturtles.org An excellent resource created on a book-based thematic approach for ages 5 through 12, this site offers suggestions for sea turtle stories. It also includes pre-activities, hands-on activities, and suggestions for community action.

Irony in Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal - 1101 Words

Rhetorical strategies are techniques, which are used to make one’s writings more effective. The choice of rhetoric strategy depends on the type of subject being discussed. The effectiveness of appropriate strategy is directly related to the mood, which is to be created and maintained. For example if someone is criticizing the government, the tome is usually kept serious and Irony and satire are widely used in such writings. On the other hand while describing the recent developments in genetic engineering, the tone would be objective and humor or satire would be ineffective here. Jonathan Swift was famous for his sarcastic remarks on the government of his days and his works are full of satire and irony which appear to be humorous but†¦show more content†¦But I am not in the least pain upon that matter, because it is very well known that they are every day dying and rotting by cold and famine, and filth and vermin, as fast as can be reasonably expected.† Swift was not the only one who applied the technique of irony to convey his message more effectively, there were several other people who from time to time have made use of satire with irony to comment on or oppose to certain views and ideas. Martin Luther King Jr. was the champion of human rights who spoke extensively for the rights of African-Americans. He became an icon for the black community because of his highly emotional speeches and his writings, which focused on the subject of equal rights for black men and women in the United States. His â€Å"Letters from the Birmingham jail† are valued for their emotional content and their comments on his own activities. These letters cannot exactly be termed satirical or ironical in tone. In fact compared to Swift’s works, King’s letters would probably appear polite. But there are certain portions where he has used irony very effectively for example in his response to clergymen who had criticized King’s activities, he said in his letter, â€Å"While confined here in the Birmingham city jail, I came across your recent statement calling my present activities â€Å"unwise and untimely.† Seldom do IShow MoreRelatedJonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal949 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift takes place in Dublin Ireland in the 18th century. The narrator is a very ironic character. His â€Å"modest† proposal is anything but modest. This short story takes place during a famine. Since there was a famine, Swift proposes the idea that people sell their one year old children to the rich so they would not be a burden to their family. One important way in which the author engages the audience’s attention and tries to help his readers see deeper politicalRead MoreModest Proposal Analysis Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Modest Proposal† is an essay written by Jonathan Swift as a reaction to the social problem faced by the Irish in 1720’s. Swift’s daring dark and social satire and dark irony to make a statement in this literary work triggered the minds of the rich Englishmen and Irish landlords to question their actions towards the poor Irish people. By giving a drop of horror and barbarity sarcastically, Swift was able to attack the practices of those who were seated in power and exploited the rights of the impoverishedRead MoreSatire of a Modest Proposal Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesIrony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and indifferent audience. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift’sRead MoreA Modest Proposal For Preventing The Children Of Poor People1458 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature is Jonathan Swift, whose hard-hitting essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal For Preventing the Children of Poor People in Ireland, from Being a Burden on Their Parents or Country, and for Making Them Beneficial to the Publick† is one of the most popular and analyzed texts within the world of satire, and truly makes one think about the art. One article that explores Swift’s use of satire within â€Å"A Modest Proposal† is Paddy Bullord’s â€Å"The Scriblerian Mock-Arts† This essay delves deeply into Swift’s works, andRead Mo reEssay about A Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift1165 Words   |  5 PagesIrony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The main argument for this bitingly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and indifferent audience. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift’sRead MoreJonathan Swift Satire Analysis1108 Words   |  5 Pagesomparing Irony In both Mark Twain and Jonathan Swift’s articles there is an effective use of irony. Irony in satirical writing is normally used for the speaker to convey the opposite intended meaning to which they are stating; along with antiphrasis, the use of a word when the opposite meaning is implied, irony makes a valuable asset to satirical literature. The sarcastic use of irony was input to both readings to express the writer’s disappointment towards their societies teachings during theirRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift860 Words   |  4 Pageswas informed to read â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift as an assignment for creating annotated bibliographies, I began to develop an interest on how Swift came about the matter of his request into rebuilding Ireland s economy and way of life. I believed that Swift added cannibalizing children to the subject matter to give his proposal a more profound and eye-opening effect, but my readings further piqued my in terests on the topic. As a result, I researched Jonathan Swift’s motives and style behindRead MoreThe Satirical Nature of Jonathan Swifts A Modest Proposal Essay example662 Words   |  3 Pages A Modest Proposal The satirical essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† written and published in in 1729 by an Anglo- Irish man named Jonathan Swift, in response to the worsening conditions of Ireland, was one of his most controversial and severe writings of his time. The narrator in Swift’s essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† argues for a drastic and radical end to poverty in Ireland. Swift’s proposal suggests that the needy, poor people of Ireland can ease their troubles simply by selling their children as food toRead MoreEssay on A Modest Proposal: Satire at Its Best643 Words   |  3 PagesA Modest Proposal: Satire at Its Best Jonathan Swifts 1729 essay, A Modest Proposal, was a true example of satire at its best. Many readers at the time rejected the essay because they failed to understand the irony. It is presently one of the most well known works of satire and is a classic example of the technique most commonly used today. The entire essay from the title down to the last sentence were meant to be taken ironically, which is a rare form, but very effective when trying gettingRead MoreA Modest Proposal Analysis Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesA Modest Proposal Literary Analysis By J--- ----------- J--- ----------- Mr. H----- Period 6 2 May 2011 Jonathan Swift’s Use of Satire and Exaggeration Satire is a form of literature in which an author tries to demonstrate his or her point of view by ridiculing. The author uses heavy irony and sarcasm in order to criticize a social issue. A perfect example of a work of satire is Jonathan Swift’s A Modest Proposal. In this satirical essay, Jonathan Swift attacks on the issue of the

Finite Element Method Fuse Protection Design-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Finite Element Method Fuse Protection Design? Answer: Introducation 1A. There are many kinds of documents that are used in a business organization. These documents could include spreadsheets, databases, letters, memorandums, faxes, brochures, handouts to the employees, flyers, display materials, reports, project reports, sales reports, annual reports, prospectuses, policies, procedures, financial statements, invoices, bills, orders, tables, newsletters, agendas, minutes and circulars. The documents are based on the type of activities, the tasks and the activities creates the needs for documentation. For example, if in the organization there is need to inform the employees regarding a particular meeting that is going to be held in a particular day, then there will be need for drafting notices, memorandums or circulars for the employees, similarly there is requirement for drafting sales report and project reports. When new employees join any organization, many documentation formalities are done, the new employees are given joining letter, employee hand outs that consists of code and conduct of the organization and other documents related to the policies of the organization (Mihai-Adrian et al. 2017). The information technology of an organization helps a lot in designing of the documents and their products. Presently almost all the organizations use computer technology for designing of all the important documents, like the notices, circulars, memorandums, there are many softwares that help in designing documents for business organization. Templates are available online which makes it easier for document designing and production, format of business letters, notices, circulars and the format of all organization related documents are available online. Printers and fax machines are used for taking out the hard copies of the designed documents. Xerox machines are used to make the photocopies of the documents that are to be circulated amongst the employees. Scanners are used to convert the hard copies of the documents into soft copies which can be further circulated through electronic mails. Organizations have to make their logos and business cards. Document design and format depends on the type of activity for which the document is to be designed, for legal documents, generally a different kind of papers are used for designing legal documents, papers with rubber stamps are used for drafting agreements, contracts and all the other documents that have legal significance. All the documents are required to have the logo of the organization, with the stamp and signature of the Managing Director of the organization. According to the current trend Darwin Information Typing Architecture a model of XML data which is used for writing, DITA will be ruling the documentation sector even in the future. Other tools that are anticipated to be used in the future that will help the writers in creating and archiving documents in .XML format to PDF/DOC/ other praser format so that the documents can be presented whenever and in whatsoever way required. Future customers might want documents to be customized. The writers affect the user experience because of the user interface and the user design (Mihai-Adrian et al. 2017). Five types of documents required for business organizations are Business plan is a very important document that the business owner is required to write, the documents contains the goals, objectives, management plan, marketing strategies and the financial budget. Business plan also includes strategic goals of the organization. This document is drafted in the beginning when the organization is being set up, for the first five years, this document acts as the blueprint for the business operations (Wilson 2014). According to the format of business plan, it consist of executive summary, which is the snapshot of the business plan, it represents the company profile and the goals of the business. Next element is company description, which provides information about the business, the unique features that the business provides in the industry that differentiates it from other businesses. Market analysis report is included in the business plan, market analysis and research is done before the business is started and a report of market analysis is included in the business plan. Organization and management related information, information regarding the service and the product line of the organization, strategies and information related to the marketing and the sales of the business. If any funding is raised from outside, the business plan should include the funding request information. Financial projections are very important for raining funds and this should be included in the draft of business plan. The last part of the business plan is Appendix, it is used for including additional information like, resumes, permits and leases (Wilson 2014). Accounting Documents Another important document for any business are the accounting documents, accounting documents keeps records of all the transactions of the business organizations, purchases, sales, income and expenses all are recorded on daily basis. Accountants provides bills to the customers, they make monthly budgets for the various departments of the company, the accountants write the annual financial reports for the investors and shareholders of the company. Financial budgets, reports are generally long but the invoices are not that much long (Wilson 2014). Business reports Business reports are other business documents, which are of 10 to 100 pages, it can be the annual sales report, annual budget reports and update reports of the marketing department which is made on monthly basis (Thill and Bove 2013). Customer service documents Companies selling services includes certain documents like, warranty related documents, user manual for the customers, that includes information regarding the application method of the product (Thill and Bove 2013). Operational document Operational documents are basically information that are written on daily, weekly and monthly basis, meeting minutes, project proposals about the internal and external activities that business must carryout, are some of the examples of operational documents (Thill and Bove 2013). No I do not agree that Organizational information, budget, resources and technology requirements are not needed to be focused while setting up the standards for documents used in the organization, because all these information and factors are required, they form the basis for establishing the standards that are required for the business. All these details will be required to set the standards, documentation differs and depends on the audience it has been drafted for and the event for which documentation is done (Wilson 2014). The three documents that have been created from a standard documents are Business letters Business letters have a standard format, or can be said that the business letters have standard template, the elements of the template contains heading, date, subject, salutation, body and closing section. Business letters are used for a variety of purposes, it can be written to the customers as a reply to their queries, it can be sent to the suppliers for the supply related queries. Business letters are formal type of letters that are used in an organization for the purpose of communication (Tsun and Nikfarjam 2014). Notices also used standard format, the template of notices contain heading, notices do not have salutation, address is not required in the notices the most important part of the Notice is the heading, it should be designed in a way so that it can successfully draw attention of the employees or the people for whom the notice has been designed. Notices are mostly printed in the paper and placed in the notice board of any organization (Thill and Bove 2013). Brochures are informative papers that are used by any organization for providing information related to the organization or any product related information, in educational organizations brochures are used for providing information about the institute and also have important rules and regulations. Brochures are standard document that are used to provide information to the customers mostly. Brochures are single fold, bi-fold or it be designed with multiple folds as per the requirement of the information, the length of the information (Springer, Cham. May and May 2014). Yes, each of the elements fulfills the objective they are designed for. They design used for the documents is very appropriate, the objective of the message is clear from the subject section itself, the body of the notices and business letters clarifies the message more clearly. The body part provide the information about the reason for the message or the document (Sen et al. 2014). Business letter for the customers Our company has decided to open an online portal for our customers to book taxis online. Based on the research we conducted, surveys and feedbacks from our customers we came to know that customers are finding it very difficult to books taxis, some of our customers also suggested that online portal will be a very suitable solution for this problem. Based on the suggestions we have created our online portal, where the customers can go and book taxis online, they can enter their location and the taxi will pick them from their location and drop them to their desired location. A processing charge will be charged on all the bookings that will amount to $10. I would like to inform all our customers about the new facility of online website and invite them to use this service be benefited by the service by just paying $12 processing charge. The documents that will be used for providing training to the junior employees will be Brochures are documents that are used to provide information; the brochures for the training program will be made to provide the information related to the training that will be conducted. The employees will use it will be easy for them to get help for their training (Mihai-Adrian et al. 2017). Training Agenda Next document that will be used for the training will be the training agendas that will consist of the entire training schedule. Things that will be taught to the employees, according to the days. It will also consist matters that will be included in the training (Li et al. 2014). Feedback form Feedback forms are the most important documents that are provided to the trainees after the completion of training program to know the extent to which the training program was effective. It helps the trainer know the effectiveness of the training program and get suggestions about changes that could be made to make the training program more effective. It is basically the review of the trainees which can be used in the future training programs (Kroetsch et al. 2015). For testing the template that the employee has created first the format of the template is to be seen, format of any business template is very important, in case of legal firms, the templates usually contains names of the certain rules or regulations sometimes quoted clauses of any piece of regulation is mentioned. It is very important to check that the article no. of the piece of regulations mentioned is correct, the clauses are correctly mentioned. After checking the clauses and the regulations it is very important to check that the legal terms are appropriately used, because each of the legal terms have their own legal definitions, wrong use of the terms often changes the meaning of the sentence and often create problem (James, Lazdunski and Pattus 2013). The template for production of notice for appearance on behalf of the defendant, which was drafted by you. The draft was good and you have followed the format correctly. The format that was followed was good but I would like to mention that it was not exactly the standard format that we use for legal matters. The template lacked few thing that were supposed to be mentioned. It seemed very simple and the purpose was not clear in the draft. The rules should have been written in a more clear way so that it can be understood. So the template require some changes, the brief details of the case can be mentioned in the template and the date of appearance is missing that also needs to be mentioned. Kindly draft the template according to the review and the missing elements mentioned. Meeting agenda and minutes Meeting agenda is required to mention the issues that will be discussed in the meeting, the order of the discussions and the time taken for each of the subjects to be mentioned and discussed in the meeting. Meeting agenda focuses on the reason for which the meeting is conducted, the agenda should be simple, clear and well timed. Meeting agenda provides structure to the meeting. Generally, the meeting agenda is in the hardcopy format and is distributed among the participants of the meeting, in some cases the brief notice is mailed to the participants of the meeting, but the agenda is mostly in hard copy format. The meeting agenda is sometimes discussed orally or through digital presentation, the purpose is to make the participant of the meeting prepare beforehand about the meeting. A meeting agenda can be in form of soft copy using Microsoft word document and can be distributed through e-mails, or a hard copy of the meeting agenda can be made and it can be distributed to the members o f the meeting before the start of the meeting (Ionescu 2014). Meeting minutes Meeting minutes are basically the discussions and the activities of the meeting, unlike the meeting agenda the meeting minutes are drafted simultaneously with the meeting, in this every details of the meeting are mentioned, it includes the result of the meeting discussion and what were the conclusions of the meeting. Meeting minutes are either made on computers or written on notepads. (Hughes, Champion and Murdoch 2015). The three advanced technological function or application software used for document document design and production are Desktop publishing In desktop publishing, computer applications, digital graphics and multimedia formatting is used to make electronic documents. Digital pages can be created by desktop publishing, which can only be seen electronically. Virtual pages can also be created through desktop publishing, which can be transferred electronically. Desktop publishing is used to create a standard quality documents, which contains both text as well as graphics which is formatted for single page publication. It is used to make printed documents such as book covers, brochures, and fliers for advertisements. In an organization, desktop publishing is used for making brochures, fliers, pamphlets that contains product related information. Word processor Another computer program that is used for document design is word processor, it gives the users not just the text editing tools like WordPad program which is a part of Microsofts Windows OS. It was created to be used as text building programs, which are much simpler for using from the text editor, it is not just a text editor. Wang is the initial user of this, which popularized the workstation system designed for the secretaries and other staffs in the employees who has to create business letters and other important documents of the organization. Spreadsheet Spreadsheet in an organization is used for showing accounting and other data in rows and columns. Spreadsheets are computer application that is used for physical stimulation of spreadsheets through the capturing, displaying and manipulation of the data, which are arranged in rows and columns. Spreadsheets are one of the most common applications of personal computers. The data holding spaces in spreadsheets are termed as cells, based on the placement of the cells they are In order to identify the macro virus there are certain symptoms that needs to be identified: The computer will run a slower speed than it runs normally. The computer will ask for passwords for those files that does not require passwords. The documents are saved in the computer in the form of template files. Error messages will appear on the computer (Hughes and Foley 2014). Ways to resolve the problem of Macro virus Macro virus can be removed with the help of professional checking or it can be also checked manually by choosing ToolsMacro and then the resulting list of macros can be compared with the list that was created initially. Like all the other viruses and malwares, prevention is the best method for checking the viruses, which can be done by, updating the security system on regular basis so that it can be guard against the new viruses, updating the computer system for protection. Digital signature should be used so to identify sources of items to be downloaded so that one gets to know what they are downloading and running a program is not a risk. Good antivirus should be used so to ensure that computer is safe from all kinds of risk (Gardner 2013). Macro viruses are found in the within the documents or can be found as malicious codes in the word processing applications, they come in to the personal computers through the attached documents in emails, the code can be downloaded. The code can be downloaded after a click on phishing link, in online advertising that uses banners ads of the URLs. It is very difficult to be identified, because they are not operative until a default macro is on run in in the time they do a series of commands (Fan and Fujimoto 2017). Note 1 explanatory note for new employees PK Multispecialty hospital has created a reputation of being one of the finest hospitals in the city. The hospital operates in many fields, including, cardiology, neurology, pediatrics, gastronomy and many more. It operates in the areas like oncology as well. Patient service is the utmost priority of the staff members of our hospital. The staff members are required to be present timely on the hospital premises. The new staff members are required to go through the code and conduct of the hospital. They are required to be follow all the rules and regulations. The hospital has a reputation and the employees are expected to maintain that reputation of the organization. Staff members are required to follow the dress code and become neat and clean to the hospital premises. If the staff members are ill they are suggested to take leave, especially in case of viral diseases. Explanatory notes for old employees All the staff members are expected to be extra careful to the needs and requirements of the staffs. All the staffs are required to maintain hygiene, they should wear the uniform, masks, labcoat, masks, gloves when they are inside the wards. Staff members should be polite to the patients and pay attention to their problems. All the staffs are expected to maintain a professional relation with the patients. The employees are required to strictly adhere to the rules and regulations of the hospital and follow the methods that are set by the hospital. Food and medicines will be provided to the patients timely. All the employees show make sure that they have done their duties and at the end of the day they are required to make sure that they have checked they have done all the duties they were assigned. Desktop publishing In desktop publishing, computer applications, digital graphics and multimedia formatting is used to make electronic documents. Digital pages can be created by desktop publishing, which can only be seen electronically. Virtual pages can also be created through desktop publishing, which can be transferred electronically. Desktop publishing is used to create a standard quality documents, which contains both text as well as graphics which is formatted for single page publication. It is used to make printed documents such as book covers, brochures, and fliers for advertisements. In an organization, desktop publishing is used for making brochures, fliers, pamphlets that contains product related information (Drucker 2014). Another computer program that is used for document design is word processor, it gives the users not just the text editing tools like WordPad program which is a part of Microsofts Windows OS. It was created to be used as text building programs, which are much simpler for using from the text editor, it is not just a text editor. Wang is the initial user of this, which popularized the workstation system designed for the secretaries and other staffs in the employees who has to create business letters and other important documents of the organization (Clarke et al. 2014). Spreadsheets- Spreadsheet in an organization is used for showing accounting and other data in rows and columns. Spreadsheets are computer application that is used for physical stimulation of spreadsheets through the capturing, displaying and manipulation of the data, which are arranged in rows and columns. Spreadsheets are one of the most common applications of personal computers. The data holding spaces in spreadsheets are termed as cells, based on the placement of the cells they are labeled. Mostly the spreadsheets are designed in a way that they can hold numbers, or short texts. It also helps in showing the relationships of the data graphically (Allen 2016). The presentation will be done based on the level of knowledge of the trainees, presentation will be made interesting so that the trainees don not find the presentation boring and lose interest in the presentation, that not help in meeting the needs of the training program. Only the relevant information will be included in the training. The name of the document would be Standard documentation Procedure which will be designed for the JK Sporting club. Standard Documentation Procedure All the documents will follow a standard format that is used for that particular document. Before the document are circulated it will be review by the senior manager who will be handling the document drafting. The personnel will check that the documents have followed the standard used for official purposes. All the documents will be saved for future purposes and will have multiple copies all saved in different locations of the computer. The document will be circulated through e-mails. The master copy of the document will be saved in computer files in which all the necessary The document will be called as guidelines used for mentoring the standards of documentation the document will be circulated through the help of emails, printouts of the document will also be taken out and distributed among the employees. The master document will be stored safely in the computers so that it can be further used as record (Bangert-Drowns 2014). The copies of the templates and the macros will be as per the requirement of the document. There was a regular review conducted regarding the use of the Macros and templates that are used by the employees in the organization and it is very concerning matter that the format that is used by the employees for creating business letters, brochures and notices are most of the times wrongly drafted. Many times there are minor mistakes but many times there are major mistakes that often creates problems for the audience to whom the business letters are addressed. Rest other things are properly incorporated in the report only the format of the templates and the macros that are used should be corrected. It has been noted the format that was provided by me to the employees are not correctly used and hence there are many issues related to the templates and macros designs. Yes, I agree that once the documents have been drafted aacording to the standard, there is no requirement for continuously reviewing it, because it would be wastage of time and money. The standard documentation procedure will itself be the guideline for good quality document. If the standard procedure is correct and as per the organizational requirement there would be no need for reviewing repeatedly. However, there has to be personnel who will check all the document has fulfilled all the requirements, just once. References Allen, A., 2016. Excel: Excel Mastering Book Learn Excel, Macros, Shortcuts, and Accounting. Allen, W.T. and Kraakman, R., 2016.Commentaries and cases on the law of business organization. Wolters Kluwer law business. Argenti, P.A., 2015.Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Bangert-Drowns, R.L., 1993. The word processor as an instructional tool: A meta-analysis of word processing in writing instruction.Review of Educational research,63(1), pp.69-93. Campbell, K.S., 2013.Coherence, continuity, and cohesion: Theoretical foundations for document design. Routledge. Cangemi, M.P., 2016. Views on Internal Audit, Internal Controls, and Internal Audits Use of Technology.EDPACS,53(1), pp.1-9. Catrinescu, E. and Fern, K., Microsoft Corporation, 2014.Electronic communication-based storage of documents to support multiple workflows. U.S. Patent Application 14/497,263. Clarke, J., Wicks, J., Lovell, L., Han, D. and Davis, J., 2014, May. USING COMPUTERS TO TEACH. InProceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Civil Engineering(Vol. 167, No. 5, pp. 41-48). Drucker, J., 2014.Graphesis: Visual forms of knowledge production. Harvard University Press. Fan, Z. and Fujimoto, T., 2017, July. Implementation of Document Production Support System with Obsession Mechanism. InInternational Conference on Computational Science/Intelligence Applied Informatics(pp. 51-64). Gardner, K., 2013. Student Assembly Board of Directors: Meeting Agendas Minutes. Hughes, J.F. and Foley, J.D., 2014.Computer graphics: principles and practice. Pearson Education. Hughes, W., Champion, R. and Murdoch, J., 2015.Construction contracts: law and management. Routledge. Ionescu, D., 2014. Written Business Communication across Cultures (Contrastive Aspects English-Italian).Lingua (Language Culture),13(2). James, R., Lazdunski, C. and Pattus, F. eds., 2013.Bacteriocins, microcins and lantibiotics(Vol. 65). Springer Science Business Media. Kroetsch, C.M., Louis, A.S., Zadunayski, R., Wiese, J., Kelly, A.P., Germann, E.A.L. and Adopted, A., 2015. MINUTES OF THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE COUNCIL FOR WESTLOCK COUNTY HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBERS AT THE LOCAL ADMINISTRATION BUILDING IN WESTLOCK ON TUESDAY, AUGUST 25, 2015.Reading,106, p.16. Li, S., Song, Z., Zhang, M., Xu, L., Li, J., Fu, P., Wang, M. and Dong, L., 2014. Finite Element Method Applied to Fuse Protection Design.Plasma Science and Technology,16(3), pp.294-299. Masterson, J., De Souza, J., Waddoups, N., Simpson Jr, R.L., Palmer, M.B., Ma, J., Mihai-Adrian, B.S., Iulian, I., Constantin, B., Costin, D.D., Alexandru, L., Marian, C.A. and Costica, B., 2017. Improving safety in the workplace using checklists legal requirements.Calitatea,18(S1), p.31. Sen, L., Zhiquan, S.O.N.G., Ming, Z., Liuwei, X.U., Jinchao, L.I., Peng, F.U., Min, W. and Lin, D., 2014. Finite Element Method Applied to Fuse Protection Design.Plasma Science and Technology,16(3), p.294. Springer, Cham. May, C.B. and May, G.S., 2014.Effective writing: A handbook for accountants. Pearson Higher Ed. Thill, J.V. and Bove, C.L., 2013.Excellence in business communication. Pearson. Tsun, S. and Nikfarjam, J., Google Inc., 2014.Embedding macros in web pages with advertisements. U.S. Patent 8,769,397. Wilson, K., 2014. Microsoft office 365. InUsing Office 365(pp. 1-14). Apress.

An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay Example

An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay Example An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay An Online Degree Allows Students to Travel Essay There always seems to be two groups of kids who leave high school – those who go on to college and those who take time off to travel. What those kids who travel understand is that there is precious little time to go off and explore the world with no responsibility other than to themselves. But those who do not want to delay their education for travel can now do both with the earning of an online degree. With the explosive growth of the Internet there has been an influx of services available online including educational possibilities for those who wish to pursue their degree without going the traditional route. Online degree programs allow access to a variety of courses through the computer offered by accredited and reputable colleges and universities. Students are able to logon to a secure location where they can complete their reading and other assignments – at their own convenience. Just as important, earning an online degree can be done from anywhere with a laptop. The student can be in the same town as the college or they can be in a different country. The flexibility offered by an online degree program is what really sets this modern program apart.

Modern Cuba Essays

Modern Cuba Essays Modern Cuba Essay Modern Cuba Essay Cuba is a very unique country with regards to government and politics. It is distinctive not only in its being the last communist country in Latin America, but also due the fact that it has and is continuing to undergo major changes with regards to government policy. Through analysis of the five criteria for democracy, and scrutiny of systems theory, political scientists can see that Cuba is on the path to momentous political change due to its rapidly deteriorating, soviet modeled, communist government. Before breaking down the components of the criteria for democracy nd systems theory as they apply to Cuba, it is important to briefly consider the aforementioned countries history. Cubas current government began after President Batista was overthrown in a violent coup led by Fidel Castro in 1959. In 1961 Castro formally declared Cuba a socialist state; it is now recognized simply as a totalitarian communist state (US State dept, 3/25/10). While the Cuba does have a written constitution allotting civil rights, it for all intents and purposes, negates these liberties by declaring that, any citizen attempting to prevent the growth of socialism s exempt from said rights (US State dept, 3/25/10). The constitution also identifies the Cuban Communist Party as the only party with legal legitimacy. As one may have already inferred from these stringent governmental laws, the economy is also controlled entirely by the communist party, this however is one of the interesting points in the analysis of the Cuban political the system as a large portion of the government employed workforce is soon to be fired in favor of a move to the private sector (The Economist, Nov. 2010). At the time of the US state departments report on Cuba, eighty-three percent of the workforce was employed by the government though as previously noted, this is soon to change. With regards to US-Cuban relations, Cuba is quite unique. The American government has had an all-inclusive embargo against Cuba since 1962, the second longest running US embargo outlasted only by North Korea (US State dept, 3/25/10). Moving into analysis of Cuba as it compares to other world governments, let us look first at its association to the five criteria for democracy as outlined by Charles Hauss in Introduction to Comparative Government. Democracies guarantee basic individual freedoms of press, religion, association, and speech. (Hauss pg. 23) In this category alone Cuba falls short of democracy. In 2003 fifty-two high profile government dissidents of the Cuban government were arrested (Washington Post, Oct 2010) in an apparent attempt to reduce anti-communist sentiments. This seems a serious indicator that Cuba lacks the recognition of rights to be considered a democracy, while this is undoubtedly true, future speculation reveals a caveat to this rule. The Cuban government has recently begun to free olitical prisoners arrested for dissent, many of these prisoners have been offered a deal by the communist party in which they will be freed from captivity and there sentence annulled, if they agree to living exiled permanently from Cuba (Washington Post, Oct 2010). While this is a far cry from the expressive freedoms enjoyed in the United States as well as most other industrialized democracies, it does present political scientists with a hint that perhaps Cuba is transitioning away from the totalitarian communist ideals that it was founded on in favor of a more democratic xtend far beyond the right to criticism of ones government; they also include the right to practice religion freely. While religion is openly practiced in Cuba, many religious figureheads are closely monitored by the communist party (US State dept, 3/25/10). With regards to the first criteria for democracy, Cuba falls short of satiating the requirements, however the recent promise to release incarcerated dissenters does signal potential for change in the Governments stance on citizens rights. Transitioning to the second criterion indicative of a democratic government, we look o the existence, or lack thereof, competitive elections. In this department too, Cuba comes up short. In reading the background information and comparing it to historical trends discussed in class, it was easy to see that Cubas Fidel Castro developed in his political career much like Joseph Stalin. Both Stalin and Castro gleaned a great deal of their legitimacy from a cult of personality surrounding them. While admittedly to a lesser extent, it cannot be denied that Fidel Castro was retained as a leader primarily due to his persona as opposed to his qualifications as a ruler. With Castros illness nd ensuing resignation it may have seemed possible for elections to take place alas, this was not the case. Raul Castro, Fidels brother, currently resides at the highest seat in the communist government (US State dept, 3/25/10). Though it is unclear who will take control when Raul steps down, (Schumacher-Matos 2010), it is obvious that this line of succession from Fidel to Raul with no election certainly defies the principles outlined for a democracy. As the Cuban Communist government has only ever had two leaders, it is hard to tell if elections are likely in the future, but at this ime Cuba decidedly fails to fulfill this component of the democratic criteria. Rule of Law is yet another of the components outlined by Charles Hauss as being necessary for the existence of democracy. In this regard as with the previous criteria, Cuba falls short. For rule of law to exist a country must not arbitrarily exercise power (Hauss pg. 24). Cubas written constitution as mentioned above, keeps the country completely outside this premise as it provides the government the power to punish those who, oppose the development of socialism (US State dept, 3/25/10), however it eels necessary. There is really no need to explore this criterion any deeper as the countries written laws already create an inability for democracy, as outlined by Hauss, to exist. As the final criterion for democracy that I will explore, Capitalism is yet another trait that Cuba lacks however, as many of the articles point out, this may be changing as seen by the radical policy change implemented by the government to eliminate a large portion of the state employed workers in favor of a transition of these workers to the private sector. Its a major shift towards a larger private sector n a socialist economy. (Peters, Lexington Institute, Nov. 2010). While currently more that eighty percent of Cubas workforce is employed by the government, (US State dept, 3/25/10), the move to relocate over 500,000 workers (Malkin, Oct 2010), signifies a critical move toward a more democratic Cuba. While Cuba is not capitalistic at the present, the move to put workers in the private sector certainly transitions Cuba closer to capitalism than it has ever been before. As proven time and time again in the above paragraphs, Cuba is far from meeting any of the criteria for democracy, hat being said, the recent shifts in policy point to potential for an increasingly democratic nation. Systems theory is another vital tool in comparing countries, of Cuba to speak freely, there is are no routes for inputs on the part of the people. Likewise decision making is equally disproportionate when compared to other countries as the only people able to make decisions are the thirty-one members of the communist party leadership (US State dept, 3/25/10). Though Systems theory is a terrific tool for comparing countries, it has little application with regards to Cuba as he communist government of this country is at the present, completely totalitarian. Viewing Cuba in its congruence to other communist countries, many similar terms come to mind. Edward Schumacher-Matos article, Easing the Impact of Cubas Coming Crisis, explores the question of Raul Castros ability to control the Unraveling of the Perestroika (Shumacher-Matos 2010) . He continues to compare the potential future of Cuba to the historical outcome of the USSRs collapse under similar circumstances. As an aspiring political scientist, this makes me quizzical about the future of Cubas regime. The question seems to be, can Cuba remain a totalitarian communistic state with the current move for a more capitalistic workforce? I suppose only time will tell, but based on historical trends, it seems unlikely that the totalitarian government will be able to endure the transition. To recap my analysis; With regards to the five criteria for democracy as presented by Charles Hauss, Cuba failed miserably in competitive elections and rule of law, on the other hand while certainly far from industrialized democracies, recent developments hint at the potential for improvements in civil rights and the prevalence of capitalism. As far as systems theory is concerned in Cuba, it is almost impossible until improvements are made In the aforementioned civil rights criterion. Finally as it compares to other communist countries, Cuba is showing signs of travelling the path of the USSR and facing collapse as Perestroika begins and the regime is restructured. All things considered, Cuba has become an immensely intriguing country for political scientists in recent years as it has begun several transitions toward far greater democratization than it had ever experienced under its former leader.

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

No topic - Essay Example A question is asked on the manner of averting Home Depot from commencing. Devoid of a written accord, how can one stipulate if cheating is a sincere mix-up or intentional cheating? With these aspects of the above depiction, it follows that there are similarities between the difficulties of organizing cartels and the challenges of other forms of international cooperation (PrÃŒÅ'ibram, 35). International corporations face challenges like the identification of a true market requirement and the dilution of a brand-name power. For instance, the success of a business is keyed to the offering of services and goods needed by a customer. Since the customer’s problem needs a solution, the product or the service used should have the capability of solving the consumer’s wants. The capability of the product to provide a solution should be effective in a way that its significance are easy to communicate. It is, therefore, a very hard task to meet this challenge since customer needs are unlimited. Due to the different methods of entertainment in the internet, the culture of Americans and their corporate symbols are famous brand-names in the world. However, this is no indication that American products will be popular in other countries. Gaining of trust is from other countries is a very complicated task (Fear,

Homework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 38

Homework - Essay Example This discusses how inventory as a whole may just be given representation by average inventory and thus solve the related issues which crop up from time to time. 11- Suppose an operation has excess capacity (i.e., it is not a bottleneck); however the set up time between batches is not insignificant. Should process batches be large or small? What determines the size of a process batch? Process batches should neither be large nor small. However their size should be equal to the size of the operation so that neither excess capacity is an issue nor minimal levels stand as a concern. The need is to know how excess capacity can be kept at a safe distance and so is the case with minimal levels where set up times focus more on how time between batches can be increased or decreased as per the need. Therefore, the set up time between batches should be considered in essence to have a better know-how of how things shall shape up within the batch routines. It will take care of all the concerns that either excess capacity or under capacity may have at a given time and thus protect the batches as

Brand Equity Associates With Apparel Industry Marketing Essay

Brand Equity Associates With Apparel Industry Marketing Essay There were many scholars who studied on conceptual research of brand equity; trying to find out what are valuable dimensions of building brand equity for both the customer and the company. Aaker (1991) regarded a brand as a name or symbol which derives from the value provided by a product or service to a company and/or the companys customers, as well as a set of assets and liabilities linked to a brand. He divided brand equity into five categories as brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, brand loyalty, and other proprietary brand assets. Consumer perceptions and reactions to the brand are directly pointed out by the last four elements of brand equity; moreover, the existing interrelationship among the dimensions of brand equity should be noted (see Table 1). Besides, Keller (2003) defined customer-based brand equity as the differential effect that brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand. A brand with positive customer-based brand equity might result in consumers being more accepting of a new brand extension, less sensitive to price increase and withdrawal of advertising support, or more willing to seek the brand in a new distribution channel. In 1993, Keller noted brand knowledge could be divided into two essential components as brand awareness and brand image (associations) to contribute consumer-based brand equity; it is also as well as a necessary premise in terms of consumer-based brand equity, or described as a point which keeps in mind by consumers are pertinent with diversified associations. These theories could be utilized in our research to contribute identification of the hypotheses. 1.2 Brand Equity in Apparel Industry Some researchers have done the similar tests. Jung and Sung (2008) measure and compare the consumer-based brand equity of apparel products by different consumer groups across cultures. Among the elements of brand equity, the perceived brand quality and brand awareness/association reported by American college students were significantly greater than those reported by South Koreans in the USA and Korea. Brand loyalty was the most important element of brand equity. In the relationship between elements of brand equity and purchase intention, brand loyalty showed positive correlation with purchase intention across all tested consumer groups. The finding supported by Xiao and Hawley (2009) based on Aakers well-known conceptual framework of brand equity, they found that brand association and brand loyalty are influential dimensions of brand equity. Weak support was found for the perceived quality and brand awareness dimensions. Moreover, they suggest considering the relative importance of b rand equity in their overall brand equity evaluation for better brand management, and concentrate their efforts primarily on building brand loyalty and image. Similarly, Holehonnur, Raymond, Hopkins, and Fine (2009) explored customer equity from a consumers perspective, examining the relative impact of the drivers of value equity and brand equity on purchase intention. The results show that quality and price-prestige relationships serve as drivers of value equity, whereas brand awareness and brand attitudes drive perceptions of overall brand equity. Likewise, they support the influence of brand and value equity on consumers purchase intentions. Retailer brand equity is also tested by several researchers, such as Swoboda, Haelsig, Schramm-Klein and Morschett (2009) examined on how consumer involvement influences perception of retailer attributes, which affects customer-based retail brand equity. In retailing, consumer involvement has a moderating effect on retail brand equity; whereas, the influence of price, communication, service and store design is greater on highly involved consumers than on those with low involvement. Since consumers with a different level of involvement have a different perception of retailer attributes, this factor is relevant to retail brand equity. It supported by previous research, Pappu and Quester (2008) examined whether retailer brand equity levels vary between department store and specialty clothing store categories. Retailer brand equity is conceptualized in this paper as a four-dimensional construct comprising retailer awareness, retailer associations, retailer perceived quality and retailer loyalty. Results referred to department store brands yielded significantly higher ratings for all the retailer brand equity dimensions than specialty store brands and providing the guideline for retailers possess brand equity. 2. Consumer Behaviour in Fashion Industry 2.1 Fad Fashion Industry with its Consumers According to Keynote in 2008, companies turn around new styles from design to shop floor within 2 weeks in the Fast-fashion industry. This successful recipe has allowed retailers to generate large profits selling vast quantities of low-price clothing to shoppers seeking something new to wear every week (Morgan and Birtwistle, 2009). The marketing and apparel literatures are unanimous in reporting that fashion leaders tend in general to be young consumers (Mason and Bellenger, 1974; Gutman and Mills, 1982; Horridge and Richards, 1984; Goldsmith et al., 1991). According to Keynote, a study of young males and females between the ages of 15 and 24 reports that 38% shop at Primark, 35% at Topshop/ Topman, 33% at New Look, 31% at River Island and 24% at H&M; Therefore, forecasts of demographical trends reveal that, while some age groups are in decline, there is to be an expansion in the 15- to 29-year-old group over the next 5 years (Morgan and Birtwistle, 2009). 2.2 Consumer Behaviour of Fashion Industry (add Table) Based on Keynote information, the consumers are growing tired of the relentless consumerism of buying so much clothing so frequently, but the appeal of cheap chic newness remains very alluring to teens and early twenties looking for something different to wear while socializing (Morgan and Birtwistle, 2009). Young consumers are more concerned with trends than probably any other age group (Martin and Bush, 2000). Additionally, Newman and Patel (2004) assert that, compared with other consumer groups, fashion leaders, or innovators, believe fashion to be of importance to their lifestyles. They have strong opinions about taste, are advocates of new trends and are sources of inspiration for other consumers when adopting and buying the latest styles (Polegato and Wall, 1980; Beaudoin et al., 1998). Besides, Pentecost and Andrews (2010) found weekly and monthly expenditure, gender and fashion fan ship were significant influences for consumer purchasing behaviour; while for yearly expenditure, gender, and impulse buying were significant. Attitudes towards fashion had no significant influence on expenditure. Females purchase more often and were significantly different from males on yearly expenditure, fashion fan ship, attitudes and impulse buying. Generation Y is higher on purchase frequency, fashion fan ship, attitudes and impulse buying compared with other groups under investigation. 2.3 Consumer Behaviour is impacted by Media Recent research by Birtwistle and Moore (2006) indicates that fashion innovators and early adopters, compared with followers, are heavily influenced by the fashion media. They shop and purchase fashion items more frequently, are influenced in their purchasing habits by celebrities and are spending more per month than they did previously. These findings are supported by Greenes (2008) observations about the influence of aspirational lifestyles and must-have fashions depicted in current US dramas. Indeed, fashion publicist Kristian Laliberte (cited in Greene 2008) hails the shows stars as the new influencers. In the focus groups, Morgan and Birtwistle (2009) referred to the majority of female respondents were readers of fashion or celebrity magazines. The most popular magazines as Cosmo, Elle, Glamour and Marie Claire, respondents used magazines to identify trends, which they then followed by purchasing lower-priced imitations from high-street stores. 3. IMC to Build Brand Equity (need to modify and check reference ) Belch and Belch (2009) noted IMC plays a main role in the progress which develops sustainable brand identity and equity. Likewise, Keller (1993) also noted brand identity and equity can be built and maintained by creating a well-known brand which has been kept in the mind of the consumer as favorable, strong and specific association. The integrated marketing paradigm focuses on the full set of contacts that affect the consumers brand experience (Calder and Malthouse, 2005). Marketers are faced with the questions of how to use multiple touch points to convey their messages in a more profound and engaging way and how to reinforce a message or brand more efficiently with the same advertising budget. 3.1 A model of brand equity for marketing communications According to the customer-based brand equity model (Keller, 2008), brand equity is fundamentally determined by the brand knowledge created in consumers minds by marketing programs and activities. Brand knowledge is all the thoughts, feelings, perceptions, images, and experiences etc that become linked to the brand in the minds of consumers; it can be divided by two important components as brand awareness and brand image. Brand awareness is related to the strength of the brand node or trace in memory as reflected by consumers ability to recall or recognize the brand under different conditions. Brand image is defined as consumer perceptions of and preferences for a brand, as reflected by the various types of brand associations held in consumers memory. Strong, favorable and unique brand associations are essential as points-of-difference that can serve as sources of brand equity to drive the differential effects. These effects include enhanced loyalty; price premiums and more favorable price elasticity responses; greater communication and channel effectiveness; and growth opportunities via extensions or licensing (Hoeffler and Keller 2003; Keller 2008). Thus, the basic premise of the customer-based brand equity (CBBE) model is that the power of a brand lies in the minds of customers and the meaning that the brand has achieved in the broadest sense (Janiszewski and Osselaer 2000). To understand the role of all the different types of marketing communications for brand building, 3.2 Marketing communication effects on brand equity Marketing communications activities contribute to brand equity and drive sales in many ways (Keller 2007): by creating awareness of the brand; linking the right associations to the brand image in consumers memory; eliciting positive brand judgments or feelings; and/or facilitating a stronger consumer-brand connection. But these marketing communications activities must be integrated to deliver a consistent message and achieve the strategic positioning. The starting point in planning marketing communications is an audit of all the potential interactions that customers in the target market may have with the company and all its products and services. Marketers need to assess which experiences and impressions will have the most influence at each stage of the buying process. This understanding will help them allocate communications dollars more efficiently and design and implement the right communications programs. Armed with these insights, marketers can judge marketing communications according to its ability to affect experiences and impressions, build brand equity and drive brand sales. 3.3 Mixing and matching marketing communications In developing an integrated marketing communication (IMC) program, a number of factors come into play (Schultz, Tannenbaum, and Lauterborn 1993). Marketers must consider several factors in developing their communications mix, such as the type of product market, consumer readiness to make a purchase, stage in the product life cycle and the brands market share and positioning, as well as efficiency considerations. This broad view of brand-building activities is especially relevant when marketers are considering strategies to improve brand awareness. Anything that causes the consumer to notice and pay attention to the brand such as sponsorship and out-of-home advertising can increase brand awareness, at least in terms of brand recognition. To enhance brand recall, however, more intense and elaborate processing may be necessary, so that stronger brand links to the product category or consumer needs are established to improve memory performance. In terms of brand image, the question becomes what effects are created by the communication option, how strongly are they linked to the brand and how do the effects that are created affect, either directly or indirectly, consumers propensity to purchase and use brands? Marketers should mix and match communication options to build brand equity that is, choose a variety of different communication options that share common meaning and content but also offer different, complementary advantages so that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts (Naik and Raman 2003; Naik 2007). Different brand associations may be most effectively established by capitalizing on those marketing communication options best suited to eliciting a particular consumer response or establishing a particular type of brand association (Edell and Keller 1989). For example, some media are demonstrably better at generating trial than engendering long-term loyalty. 4. Print Advertising McCarthy, Michael S. and Fram, Eugene H. (2008) provided measures of brand equity for the new brand, print advertising results in greater levels of brand equity and helps in a greater likelihood of a future visit to the brands website. 4.1 Influences on Brand Awareness The power of visual elements in magazine advertisements frequently has been demonstrated. Images are simple to process and easy to remember, which could result in faster recognition of brand or product (Edell and Staelin, 1983; Moriarty, 1987). On average, magazine advertisements receive 1 or 2 seconds of attention. Visual elements are the primary appeal 90% of magazine readers first look at the graphic element; of that group, 65% process the graphic intent. Text follows imagery; for the readers who wove from image to words, only 2% of the written content is processed (Franzen, 1994). A growing body of literature also demonstrates the ability of pictures to evoke an emotional response (Bradley, Greenwald, Petry and Lang 1992). This attribute of print advertising will be a big advantage to contribute brand awareness and association. The point is also agreed by Batra and Ray 1986; Derbaix 1995; Edell and Burke 1987; Stayman and Aaker 1988. They illustrated emotional response to an adve rtisement is important with respect to advertising effectiveness, in terms of impacting both attitude toward the advertising and attitude toward the brand. In addition, Callow and Schiffman (2002) defined the complexity of a visual image which refers to the level of implicit versus explicit information that is needed in order to arrive at a meaningful interpretation of the advertisements message. This may be why advertisements often resort to simple visual images as a means for creating brand or product awareness. In previous study, Keiser (1975) suggested that brand and slogan awareness are dependent on the age, social class, and amount of print media readership of adolescents. The most consistent relationship was that brand and slogan awareness was greatest among opinion leaders, adolescents in the upper-cla ss, and adolescents who spent the most time reading newspapers and magazines. Brand awareness appeared to increase with age, while the reverse relationship held for slogan awa reness. 4.2 Influences on Brand Loyalty Pint advertising is used as an important tool in brand image-creation, and there has been an increase in the volume of campaigns using celebrities to endorse brands both in terms of gaining and keeping attention and in creating favourable associations leading to positive brand knowledge and distinct brand images, with cultural meaning transferred from celebrity to brand to consumer. This process has been enhanced via explicit reference to the meaning of the celebrity in the advertisement and supporting publicity, result in positive brand loyalty (Carroll, 2009). Similarly, Goodyear (1996) referred to differentiation of brands could be achieved over time by some lifestyle advertising. Thus, increasingly there was no information about the product, only the type of people who might be inclined to use the product (Baran and Blasko , 1984 ). Furthermore, Bhat and Reddy ( 1998 ) also commented developing, communicating and maintaining a brand s image as critical to the long-term loyalty o f a brand have been accepted. Leclerc and Little (1997) investigated whether the content of the print advertisement influences consumer attitudes, will depend on the executional cues of the copy, the brand loyalty of the consumers, and the consumers involvement with the product category. 4.3 Influences on Brand Association Kim, Damhorst and Lee. (2002) examines how consumer involvement with apparel influences perceptions of an apparel product presented in a print advertisement. Consumer involvement with apparel was examined in relation to three advertisement response concepts: attitude toward the advertisement, product attribute beliefs, and product brand attitude. A combination of apparel involvement dimensions (fashion, individuality, and comfort) influenced consumer beliefs about product attributes in the advertisement and shaped consumer attitudes for brand. In terms of gender differences, the comfort variable showed to be a stronger component of apparel involvement for men and women tended to be more involved in fashion. Findings also supported relationships among advertisement response variables previously tested by scholars. Product attribute beliefs and ad attitude were significant in product brand attitude formation. Keller (2003) also referred to magazine is particularly effective at building user and usage imagery toward brand. Some brand such as Calvin Klein, Tommy Hilfiger, and Guess, have also created strong non-product associations through print advertising. Some brands attempt to communicate both product benefits and user or usage imagery in their print advertising. After that, Chowdhury, Olsen and Pracejus (2008) researched that print advertising frequently conducts a single advertisement with multiple images, each of which is capable of generating an effective response. These multiple ad components combine to impact overall emotional response to advertising. This implies a greater number of positive pictures will lead to a more positive response which associates with brand in mixed-valence advertisements. Likewise, research on advertising in print media similarly has shown that the number and size of product shots can have a positive influence on recall (Twedt, 1952). 4.4 Influences on Perceived Quality Homer (1995) represented that consumers felt the large-sized ad was better designed and devoted more attention to it. The heightened design perceptions and attention, in turn, led to enhanced perceptions of quality and brand, overall attitudes, and behavioral intent. In support of past research, advertising size was found to lead to enhanced memory. Kirmani (1990) analysis suggested that consumers use ad size as an indicator of advertising costs and effort and that consumers make quality-related inferences based on their perceptions of advertising costs when quality-related information is not explicitly shown in advertising. The brand and quality perceptions are positively related to perceived advertising costs except at excessive levels when consumers may feel advertising is manipulative. Prior research has indicated that consumer perceptions as to the globalization of a brand leads to greater confidence in product quality which related with brand and higher intention to purchase (S teenkamp, Batra, and Alden, 2003). The point was supported by Chang in 2008. She revealed that western models were used to promote products and English brands were featured usually in magazine advertisements; and most likely to be used in fashions, cosmetics, and information/telecommunication categories. The use of western models and English brand names enhanced the perceived globalization of the brand and perceived quality of the product; higher on brand friendliness, brand trust, self-brand connections, and brand liking; moreover, encouraged participants to infer that the product originated from a developed western country. The third objective of this article is to understand the influence of Western models and English brand names on consumer product perceptions. It has been widely documented that products originating from developed countries are evaluated more favorably than products from developing countries (see Bilkey and Nes, 1982, for a review). In addition, an increased global perception of a product is associated with more favorable attitudes as to the products quality (Steenkamp, Batra, and Alden, 2003). Therefore, if consumers infer that Western models and English brand names indicate a products global qualities or that the product originated from developed Western countries, such inferences will also alter consumers product evaluations. 5. Strengths of Magazine 5.1 Selectivity In 2005, Duncan regarded as most magazines are subject specific, one of their greatest strengths is their audience selectivity. Although there are a few general-interest magazines which include the vast majority of magazines focus on one area. Magazines offer a wider range of ways to present brand messages than newspapers do, although both are print media. Most magazines focus their content coverage on a particular subject. The subjects discussed are all related in some way to the companys product. Some of these customer-focused magazines have advertisings only for the company brand. Therefore, brands that advertise in them can benefit from this expertise halo, an added value for a brand message. The theory is supported by Belch and Belch in 2009. They said using magazine as an advertising medium is its selectivity which is an ability to reach a specific target audience. It allows advertisers to target their advertising to segments of the population who buy their products based on in terests. New consumer magazine are continually being introduced to meet the changing needs, interest, and passion of the public in areas such as sports/ recreation, entertainment/celebrity, travel, fashion/ apparel, and beauty/ grooming. New business publications are also frequently launched to respond to development in business and industry. Not surprisingly, Fill (2009) also pointed out magazines are able to reach quite specialized audiences and tend to be selective in terms of the messages they carry. The print media are most suitable for messages designed when high involvement is present in the target market. 5.2 Reproduction quality/ Creative Flexibility (change) Due to many advantages of magazines, making them attractive to the target audiences as a popular advertising medium; especially, the strengths such as reproduction quality and creative flexibility of magazine can provide excellent reproduction on high-quality paper stock, and offer a great deal of flexibility in terms of the type, size, and placement for different needs, thereby, magazines are a visual medium where illustration are often a dominant part of an advertising and enhance the creative appeal of the advertising and increase attention and relationship (Belch and Belch 2009). Magazine advertising can be a strong visual persuasion in retailing industry, in particular, heavily use visuals to get attention (Cutler, Javalgi, and Erramsilli 1992; Bulmer and Buchanan-Oliver 2004) and the use of visuals is becoming a popular method for standardising print advertisements in cross-national markets for a growing number of multinational corporations (Phillips 1997; Cateora and Graham 19 99). Visual messages in advertising are found to be more easily and quickly processed, and more effective in getting attention (Rossiter 1982) and stimulating curiosity than verbal messages (Berger 1998; Lester 2000; Wells et al. 2003), regardless of processing condition (McQuarrie Mick 2003). Visuals in ads are not only the major form of delivering messages, but it tends to be scanned first and considered as an important criterion for making purchase decisions (Smith 1991). Besides, Bu, Kim, and Lee (2009) revealed that ads with direct visual forms were more prevalent in both western and eastern cultures. They tested the effects of culturally matching the visual forms on consumers attitude towards the advertising and the brand advertised. The product type and the brand familiarity moderated the effects; when brand familiarity was low, direct visual forms were preferred regardless of culture. 5.3 Permanence A distinctive advantage offered by magazine is their long life span, comparing to TV and radio which have very short life span by fleeting massages or newspapers which is generally discarded soon after being read. Magazines are usually read over several days and are often kept for reference. According to a study which did by Magazine handbook, it found that reader devote nearly an hour over a period of two or three days to reading an average magazine, moreover, around 75% of consumers retain magazines for future reference. Meanwhile, advertisements which exposed on magazine can use longer and more detailed copy, which is essential for high-involvement and complex products and services; the reader can be exposed to advertisements on multiple occasions and can pass magazines along to other reader (Belch and Belch 2009). Rest of book 5.4 Prestige Another positive feature of magazine advertising is the prestige the product or service may gain from advertising in publications with a favorable image. Companies whose products rely heavily on perceived quality, reputation, and/or image often buy space in prestigious publication with high-quality editorial content whose consumers have a high level of interest in the advertising pages. Some kinds of magazines provide an impressive editorial environment that includes high-quality photography and artwork. The magazines upscale readers are likely to have a favourable image of the publication that may transfer to the products advertised on its pages. The seal can increase consumer confidence in a particular brand and reduce the amount of perceived risk associated with a purchase since it really is a money-back guarantee (Belch and Belch 2009). 5.5 Receptivity/ Engagement Consumers are more receptivity to advertising in magazines than in any other medium. Magazines are generally purchased because the information they contain interests the reader, and advertising provide additional information that may be of the value in making purchasing decision (Belch and Belch 2009). Studies have shown that magazines are consumers primary source of information for a variety of products and services, including automobiles, beauty and grooming, clothing and fashion etc (Magazine handbook). Numerous studies have shown that consumers become involved with magazines when they read them and are more likely to find ads acceptable, enjoyable, and even a valuable part of a publication. Ulrich and Minjae (2009) observed on consumer magazines to measure the extent which consumers are favourable to engage with advertising in Germany. The result represents based on different market segment if advertisements can provide sufficient relevant information, they will be appreciated with regardless of nuisance for readers of adult magazines. Some American scholars support the viewpoint, such as Ferguson (1983) and Lorimor, (1977). They tested on retailing industry and applied to retail advertising which content is purely informational, as a result in the print advertising tends to be received. On the contrary, in Europe, the invasion of the press magazine industry by commercial ads seems to have a rather negative impact on the fans of this press in Europe. Most readers would certainly prefer magazines with less commercial advertising and more entertainment content. Accordingly, Nathalie (2000) analysed consumer reflects to press advertising is country specific. The evidence i ndicated American readers tend to be ad-lovers; however, most European media consumers seem to be ad-averse; hence, readers attitudes toward press advertising are deeply rooted in cultural habits. Although womens magazines are easy to engage with the target audiences due to included functional information which caters for readers need, the journals provided different receptiveness of magazine in specific country. What are the situations which print advertising works for interpreting fashion brand, and what is characteristic of background in Singapore, that still need to be tested on this research. 6. Online Advertising 6.1 Influences on Branding Ten years of online advertising research has confirmed the importance of the internet as a major source of information on brands (Hollis, 2005). Brand sites are increasingly being used as preferred destination sites for other forms of advertising, such as TV advertisements, banner advertisements, email advertisements, print advertisements, etc. The website of a brand could provide greater contextual information and facilitate higher users interactions with the brand; also providing an excellent platform to foster genuine relationships with potential and actual customers based on a continuous dialogue (Christodoulides and Chernatony, 2004). Therefore, designing effective brand websites contributes significantly to firms brand equity building efforts (Argyriou, Kitchen, and Melewar, 2006). Similarly, Steenkamp and Geyskens (2006) referred to greater interactivity promotes greater brand learning through better information assimilation and could help companies forge cognitive and emotion al bonds with their brand users. Yet, Dou and Krishnamurthy found the present study found that the application of interactive functions in brand websites was still quite limited. Thus, brand sites that boost their levels of interactivity can fulfill their online brand building missions more effectively. The literature (Batra, Myers, and Aaker, 1996) identified the key elements of brand sites that may contribute to their branding effectiveness. Some companies prefer to establish their own brand site for branding, just like a unique advertising approach for enhancing brand equity in the online environment is the design of dedicated websites for brands (Goldsmith and Lafferty, 2002). After that, evidence on the efficacy of brand websites in building brands is starting to emerge from both academic and industry studies. Ha and Chan-Olmsted (2004) found that users visits of brand websites for networks had a significant effect on brand image, as well as the option that gives them the best ability to learn about their favorite brands. In the following research, Yoo (2008) represented consumers experience priming caused by implicit memory and build a more favorable attitude toward the advertised brand regardless of the levels of attention they paid to the advertisements during exposure of web ads. Furthermore, those who unconsciously processed web ads did not remember seeing the ad explicitly, but they were more likely to include the advertised brand in the consideration set than those who had no exposure. Besides, Okonkwo, Uchà © (2009) more specifically referred to the fashion industry as internet is a multidimensional channel that serves multiple purposes including communications, branding, services, design, retailing, consumer analysis, clien